- Two kinds of loan
- Real property: the home is permanently affixed to land you hold, titled as real estate under California law, and the loan is a mortgage on home and land together. Personal property, which lenders call chattel: the home keeps its state title, the loan is secured on the home alone, and the land is a rented park space or is held separately. The same home can be either, and the record decides which.
- What counts as a manufactured home
- A home built in a factory on a permanent chassis to the federal construction and safety standards, the HUD Code, and carrying HUD's certification label on each section with a data plate inside. The federal programs call a home built before that standard took effect a mobile home: FHA and Freddie Mac state that such a home is ineligible for their financing, and Fannie Mae and USDA require the HUD Code label. A modular home is built to state or local building code instead and is generally financed as a site-built house.
- On land you own
- FHA insures a standard Title II mortgage when the home and its site are one parcel of real estate under state law, the home sits on a permanent foundation built to HUD's foundations guide with an engineer's or architect's certification, it stayed on its chassis, the hitch and running gear are gone, and it came straight from the factory or dealer to this site. Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac buy loans on a home titled as real property on a permanent foundation, Fannie Mae adding that it was never installed elsewhere, for a principal residence or, for a multi-section home, a second home; an investment property is ineligible. VA requires that the home, once affixed, be real property under state law. USDA requires a real estate mortgage on unit and site, with the home taxed as real estate and any certificate of title surrendered.
- In a park
- A home in a park sits on a leased space. Held as personal property, it is financed on the home alone: FHA's Title I program, which requires the space lease to carry a minimum initial term, renewal terms and advance written notice if the community closes, or VA's own manufactured home loan for a veteran. The conventional agency programs do not take a personal property home. Where the lease is a leasehold estate, Fannie Mae accepts the home only inside a condominium or planned unit development project it has approved, Freddie Mac only with its prior written approval and a multi-section home, and FHA Title II only when the lease meets its leasehold rules.
- California titling
- The Department of Housing and Community Development, HCD, registers and titles manufactured homes and mobilehomes that are not on permanent foundations; neither the DMV nor the county recorder does. A home becomes real property when it is installed on an approved foundation system under the Health and Safety Code and the installation is recorded with the county recorder on HCD's notice of installation on a foundation system. Once recorded, the home is exempt from HCD registration for as long as it stays affixed, and the owner applies to HCD to cancel the title and registration. A home taken off its foundation is immediately subject to registration again.
- Taxes
- A manufactured home not on a permanent foundation is taxed one of two ways: an annual local property tax paid to the county, or an annual vehicle license fee, the in-lieu fee, paid to HCD. Which one depends on when the home was first sold new, an older license-fee home can be converted to local property tax, and that conversion is one way. A home on an approved permanent foundation is taxed as any other real property. A property-tax home on a rented space is valued without the value of the site, and HCD cannot transfer title to a used home subject to local property tax without a tax clearance from the county tax collector.
- Park space rent in the county
- San Luis Obispo County has a mobilehome rent stabilization ordinance for parks in its unincorporated area, which applies to month-to-month space agreements and not to long-term leases, and the cities of Pismo Beach, Morro Bay and San Luis Obispo each have an ordinance of their own. State law requires a written rental agreement between the park owner and the homeowner. The County says neither the state's mobilehome law nor its ordinance provides a way to enforce them, and that a dispute is a civil matter.
- What you bring
- The home's HUD label numbers and data plate, or the label verification letter if a label is missing; for a home on a foundation, the engineer's or architect's foundation certification and the recorded notice of installation; the HCD title or registration card for a home that is personal property, and the county tax clearance on a resale; the space lease for a home in a park; and the income, asset and credit documentation of whichever program is underneath. The lender orders the appraisal, which reports the label, the foundation, the perimeter enclosure and that the hitch and running gear are gone.